{"id":6500,"date":"2021-09-28T00:01:12","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T17:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/manufacturing-review.com\/?p=6500"},"modified":"2021-09-27T15:06:50","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T08:06:50","slug":"no-surprises-when-machining-composites-sandvik-coromant-brings-predictable-tool-wear-to-tough-composite-machining-with-corodrill-863-o-drill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/manufacturing-review.com\/en\/no-surprises-when-machining-composites-sandvik-coromant-brings-predictable-tool-wear-to-tough-composite-machining-with-corodrill-863-o-drill\/","title":{"rendered":"No Surprises When Machining Composites ~ Sandvik Coromant brings predictable tool wear to tough composite machining with CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O drill ~"},"content":{"rendered":"\"\"<\/p>\n

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No Surprises When Machining Composites<\/strong><\/p>\n

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~ Sandvik Coromant brings predictable tool wear to tough composite machining with CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O drill ~<\/strong><\/p>\n

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One-third of manufacturers say they will accelerate investments into automation tools, according to a recent survey. But how will this apply to the difficult business of machining composite materials? Here, Aaron Howcroft, Global Product Manager at\u00a0<\/strong>Sandvik Coromant<\/strong><\/a> explains how its own CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O cutting tool could help manufacturers rethink their approach to machining composites \u2014 thanks to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. <\/strong><\/p>\n

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When drilling holes in most aerospace components, manufacturers have three chances of getting the hole correct \u2014 after which, it will be impossible to rework the hole within the required design specifications. If just one hole misses those three chances, by diameter, surface finish or delamination, the entire component will need to be scrapped. Given the enormous value of aeroplane components, holemaking is a risky business. That applies especially when drilling composite materials, which place new demands on machining.<\/p>\n

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Holemaking has emerged as one of the most common machining processes when working with composites. Machining composite materials \u2014 that combine two or more\u00a0materials\u00a0with different physical and chemical properties \u2014 involves \u00a0cutting, or fracturing, of the fibre part of the material. If this is done incorrectly then layers of the composite material peel away from where they belong. This is known a delamination which, according to Sandvik Coromant\u2019s customers, is the most limiting factor in their production.<\/p>\n

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Delamination effects hole quality and repeatability, the quality and integrity of the final product and manufacturers\u2019 profits. I say integrity, because better hole quality is vital for preventing component failure and is very much determined by the manufacturing processes that are used for machining or finishing the holes.<\/p>\n

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The amount of heat generated during composite machining also becomes significant. The material\u2019s poor heat conduction and the absence of chips pose risk to the resin that holds the material\u2019s fibres together. In other words, the machining of composites illuminates weakness in the machining process that might otherwise be overlooked.<\/p>\n

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These weaknesses are emphasized by the growing range, and unpredictability, of composite materials available on the market. This makes competitive machining a challenge.<\/p>\n

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Why am I mentioning this now? Well, hole quality is now arguably more important than ever in the era of COVID-19. According to research by Euromonitor International<\/a>, around 50% of companies plan to reshape their digital strategies. One-third of respondents in Euromonitor\u2019s Voice of the Industry<\/em> survey 2020 said they will accelerate investments into automation tools \u2014 so, those holes need to be made correctly in unmanned lights-out scenarios.<\/p>\n

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Therefore, manufacturers need to keep rethinking how they go about drilling composites.<\/p>\n

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Predictable wear<\/strong><\/p>\n

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We\u2019ve established that hole surface integrity is a real concern for aerospace manufacturers. But, what role can tools play in addressing these concerns \u2014 and how can a better drill benefit an automation strategy?<\/p>\n

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First, let\u2019s look at the ideal that manufacturers are striving for. They want holes that are of good quality, consistent and repeatable. Of course, any tool will wear out eventually, but this wear must be consistent and predictable from tool-to-tool.<\/p>\n

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I can\u2019t emphasise enough the importance for predictable wear. Usually, a CNC will be programmed to pull out the tool at the point of failure. So, if the lifecycle of the drill is not consistent then, in a \u00a0terrible-but-realistic scenario, you could cut the tool life of \u00a0most of the products you buy by 50%. When Sandvik Coromant supplies a drill to its customers, we must be able to guarantee that the drill will last for a predictable number of minutes, whatever the circumstances \u2014 every time!<\/p>\n

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Better by design<\/strong><\/p>\n

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That\u2019s why Sandvik Coromant developed its CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O high performance drill<\/a> for composites, including carbon fibre reinforced (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced (GFRP) materials. The drill has been designed with a focus on industries that make wide use of composite materials and demand more feet of material drilled per tool \u2014 like the aerospace industry, which uses composite materials for manufacturing aircraft frames and other parts.<\/p>\n

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To develop the CD863-O tool, the O represent composite only applications, the first thing we did was apply it to the material in aerospace that is most prone to delamination. Specifically, unidirectional laminate with no peel-ply or woven back, which is most commonly used in aerospace wings and fuselage. We digitally mapped the delamination to determine exactly how much delamination we experienced over the life of the tools.<\/p>\n

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The computer system was set with very tight tolerances, meaning the amount of delamination we\u2019d accept in any given hole. From the resulting data, we could optimize essential aspects of the drill\u2019s design, like the angle of the helix \u2014 or the spiral groove around the drill. A higher helix benefits chip evacuation, so can help reduce delamination on the exit side. In contrast, \u00a0too high a helix can separate layers in the composite material on the entry side. Either way, this can result in layers or fibres overhanging the hole.<\/p>\n

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Other key features of the CD863-O are its \u00a0profile and its \u00a0grade. Composite materials are not homogenous, and the appearance of any new material on a production run presents unique challenges; its own thickness, type of composition and so on. The CD863-O\u2019s superior \u00a0features are designed to tackle any material.<\/p>\n

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Then there is the issue of \u00a0grade. Carbide drills are well suited to machining aerospace components because carbide strengthens the tool through the cutting geometry and the shank. This optimises the cutting action and maximises clearance and material evacuation. However, because of the abrasive nature of composites, carbide also wears quickly. This is problematic, especially in automated production setups.<\/p>\n

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To overcome this, the CD863-O has Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology. CVD is a very hard tool material that is ideal for machining composites and stacked materials. Applying CVD layers across the entire cutting edge can give much longer tool life and, due to CVD\u2019s low coefficient of friction and high conductivity of heat, the tool\u2019s cutting edges are less susceptible to built-up edge (BUE). Since CVD remains sharp, this removes heat and has low friction and minimizes the tendency for problems in holes.<\/p>\n

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So, the CVD grade is preferable where hole count is high and higher productivity is required.<\/p>\n

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Well-equipped robots and field testing<\/strong><\/p>\n

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The wider CoroDrill 863 family is already benefitting manufacturers\u2019 automated production setups \u2014 both in CNCs and robots on the production line. Because it\u2019s available in carbide, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and CVD coated options, the drill can be left to machine all kinds of difficult material types \u2014 composites, aluminium, titanium, heat resistant super alloys and stainless steels \u2014 in unmanned or lights-out processes.<\/p>\n

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Once out of the laboratory, the performance of the CD863-O was put to the test by drilling holes into a carbon fibre workpiece. Carbon fibre is a popular choice of material in aerospace\u00a0applications as engineers look to make lighter aircraft structures, thanks to the material\u2019s superior strength-to-weight ratio.<\/p>\n

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A component with an average thickness of 0.25 inches was subjected to two sets of drilling with a CD863-O geometry, which \u00a0uses our own variant of CVD called O1AD for improved wear resistance in composite materials. First, the workpiece was machined with a 863-O drill with a cutting diameters (DC) of 6.37 mm (0.25 inches). Secondly, with a DCs of 4.85 mm (0.191 inches).<\/p>\n

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In both sets and with all tools, the CD863-O showed excellent results. 400 holes were drilled in the carbon fibre at a DC of 6.37 mm (0.25 inches) and 560 holes at 4.85 mm (0.191 inches), even still at an early stage in their tool life the results matched laboratory testing remarkably well.<\/p>\n

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Using Sandvik Coromant\u2019s Capacity Data Management system, which is a system for predicting and forecasting tool life for our customers, we accurately estimated a safe tool life. Overall, this demonstrates the product\u2019s capabilities in providing excellent tool life, reduced tool changes, and repeatable and reliable performance in composite machining. Importantly, all of the holes had low levels of delamination upon entry, or exit, throughout both test runs.<\/p>\n

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So, it\u2019s clear that dedicated cutting tools are critical to achieving success in holemaking \u2014 especially in components made from composite or stacked materials. Tools like the CD863-O drill can also play a crucial role in helping companies fully-automate their processes, even when machining tough composite materials.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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But…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1017],"yoast_head":"\nNo Surprises When Machining Composites ~ Sandvik Coromant brings predictable tool wear to tough composite machining with CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O drill ~ - Manufacturing Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/manufacturing-review.com\/en\/no-surprises-when-machining-composites-sandvik-coromant-brings-predictable-tool-wear-to-tough-composite-machining-with-corodrill-863-o-drill\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"No Surprises When Machining Composites ~ Sandvik Coromant brings predictable tool wear to tough composite machining with CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O drill ~ - Manufacturing Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"        No Surprises When Machining Composites   ~ Sandvik Coromant brings predictable tool wear to tough composite machining with CoroDrill\u00ae 863-O drill ~     One-third of manufacturers say they will accelerate investments into automation tools, according to a recent survey. 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